Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Alfred Adler
Amongst the most iconic names in the world of psychiatrics, is Alfred Adler. Born in Vienna, Austria in February of 1870, he became known as the grandfather of Humanistic Psychology and his name is now synonymous with the concept of individual psychology. Working with other prominent names in the field, including Sigmund Freud, he was part of a large psychoanalytic movement based in Vienna. By taking a more humanistic approach to his theories of the development of one’s personality and mindset, Adler was a pioneer in his time, focusing more on human health rather than the popular concept of pathology.
Adler joined a discussion group headed by Freud in 1907, and began writing papers having to do with a new outlook on human behavior. With some of Adler’s earliest memories being of death and illnesses in the family, many of his studies were centered around health, and the causes for various ailments. His concept of organ inferiority, for example, illustrates reasoning that is very different from Freud’s methods. He argues that it is one’s culture and environment that causes a sort of tension within the individual; and the tension can escalate to a level at which that person’s organ is unable to cope, therefore causing the organ to operate at a more infantile level. Disease, ultimately, “is the result of organ inferiority and external demands†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 5). Adler’s philosophies gave way to his theory of individual psychology. Like Freud, he states that psychological phenomena is influenced by childhood experiences-- however, he rejects the assumption that humans are victims of their past, as this provides too simple of an explanation.
The theory of individual psychology suggests that one’s behavior stems from their own subconscious version of their ideal self, as they are striving to achieve that goal. Their success and motivation, however, is affected by their environment and surroundings. Adler’s theory is made up of several concepts, including holism, fictionalism, finality, life-style, and private intelligence. With his holistic view on personality, Adler argues that a person is born with a sense of creativity that spurs their beliefs, feelings, and behavior, allowing them to control their own circumstances rather than simply being a victim of past events. Individuals act as a whole based on their desire to achieve their ideal self, also referred to as the fictionate goal. “This unifying principle can be seen as the individual’s unique way of responding to situations†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 13). Based on this reasoning, the fictionate goal plays a fundamental role in one’s personality and serves to distinguish one individual from another. The idea of fictionalism pertains to the conscious and subconscious ideas that a person possesses. Although these ideas may not always have any correlation to reality, they aid that person in coping with real-life situations and are used to determine how that person will perceive themselves, other people, and their surroundings. Fictionalism is also used as a sort of personality crutch when a person feels that they are falling short of their fictionate goal. “…It is a compensation for feelings of inferiority and serves to produce positive feelings in a situation that is perceived as negative†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 15). Adler also acknowledges the importance of maintaining a teleological, or final, approach to one’s behavior, which is also known as finality of the fictionate goal. Instead of questioning the cause of one’s actions, he examines what the act was committed for, as well as where that act is supposed to lead. According to Adler’s theory, understanding one’s life style is the key to understanding that person as a whole. In this sense, a life style is not one’s way of living, but rather how the various parts of their personality work together. It is more of a term of identity, synonymous with “character and personality, or simply the ‘I’, expressing the wholeness of personality…†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 19). All elements of this theory are then justified by an individual’s private intelligence, which one creates in order to rationalize a self-serving lifestyle dedicated to become their ideal self.
One application of Adler’s theory is when girls make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Many girls grow up as tomboys, liking the same things little boys commonly enjoy and even wanting to dress as boys themselves. “If a girl is stimulated to imitate boys by her environment or her education it will increase her difficulties later…†(Adler & Mairet, 1929, p. 68). These girls are more likely to have a strong need to overcompensate for this lack of knowledge with masculine behavior, which can potentially include heavy drinking and promiscuity. Eating disorders are another example of how an inferiority complex can lead to destructive behavior (Belangee, 2006, p. 5). An anorexic can display fictionalism by believing that starving themselves will make them more attractive and closer to achieving their ideal self, or fictionate goal. This behavior is then rationalized by that person’s private intelligence, which was created when they were younger and affected by their surroundings and interactions with other people.
Adler’s theory of individual psychology is a complex yet rational approach to exploring human behavior. Unlike the common assumptions that one’s personality consists of several separate entities, he argues that humans behave and function as a complete being. The reasoning of one’s behavior and beliefs are therefore traceable, making it possible to determine the inner workings of their mentality-- how they perceive things, how they react to such perceptions, and how it sets them apart as an individual
Amongst the most iconic names in the world of psychiatrics, is Alfred Adler. Born in Vienna, Austria in February of 1870, he became known as the grandfather of Humanistic Psychology and his name is now synonymous with the concept of individual psychology. Working with other prominent names in the field, including Sigmund Freud, he was part of a large psychoanalytic movement based in Vienna. By taking a more humanistic approach to his theories of the development of one’s personality and mindset, Adler was a pioneer in his time, focusing more on human health rather than the popular concept of pathology.
Adler joined a discussion group headed by Freud in 1907, and began writing papers having to do with a new outlook on human behavior. With some of Adler’s earliest memories being of death and illnesses in the family, many of his studies were centered around health, and the causes for various ailments. His concept of organ inferiority, for example, illustrates reasoning that is very different from Freud’s methods. He argues that it is one’s culture and environment that causes a sort of tension within the individual; and the tension can escalate to a level at which that person’s organ is unable to cope, therefore causing the organ to operate at a more infantile level. Disease, ultimately, “is the result of organ inferiority and external demands†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 5). Adler’s philosophies gave way to his theory of individual psychology. Like Freud, he states that psychological phenomena is influenced by childhood experiences-- however, he rejects the assumption that humans are victims of their past, as this provides too simple of an explanation.
The theory of individual psychology suggests that one’s behavior stems from their own subconscious version of their ideal self, as they are striving to achieve that goal. Their success and motivation, however, is affected by their environment and surroundings. Adler’s theory is made up of several concepts, including holism, fictionalism, finality, life-style, and private intelligence. With his holistic view on personality, Adler argues that a person is born with a sense of creativity that spurs their beliefs, feelings, and behavior, allowing them to control their own circumstances rather than simply being a victim of past events. Individuals act as a whole based on their desire to achieve their ideal self, also referred to as the fictionate goal. “This unifying principle can be seen as the individual’s unique way of responding to situations†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 13). Based on this reasoning, the fictionate goal plays a fundamental role in one’s personality and serves to distinguish one individual from another. The idea of fictionalism pertains to the conscious and subconscious ideas that a person possesses. Although these ideas may not always have any correlation to reality, they aid that person in coping with real-life situations and are used to determine how that person will perceive themselves, other people, and their surroundings. Fictionalism is also used as a sort of personality crutch when a person feels that they are falling short of their fictionate goal. “…It is a compensation for feelings of inferiority and serves to produce positive feelings in a situation that is perceived as negative†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 15). Adler also acknowledges the importance of maintaining a teleological, or final, approach to one’s behavior, which is also known as finality of the fictionate goal. Instead of questioning the cause of one’s actions, he examines what the act was committed for, as well as where that act is supposed to lead. According to Adler’s theory, understanding one’s life style is the key to understanding that person as a whole. In this sense, a life style is not one’s way of living, but rather how the various parts of their personality work together. It is more of a term of identity, synonymous with “character and personality, or simply the ‘I’, expressing the wholeness of personality…†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 19). All elements of this theory are then justified by an individual’s private intelligence, which one creates in order to rationalize a self-serving lifestyle dedicated to become their ideal self.
One application of Adler’s theory is when girls make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Many girls grow up as tomboys, liking the same things little boys commonly enjoy and even wanting to dress as boys themselves. “If a girl is stimulated to imitate boys by her environment or her education it will increase her difficulties later…†(Adler & Mairet, 1929, p. 68). These girls are more likely to have a strong need to overcompensate for this lack of knowledge with masculine behavior, which can potentially include heavy drinking and promiscuity. Eating disorders are another example of how an inferiority complex can lead to destructive behavior (Belangee, 2006, p. 5). An anorexic can display fictionalism by believing that starving themselves will make them more attractive and closer to achieving their ideal self, or fictionate goal. This behavior is then rationalized by that person’s private intelligence, which was created when they were younger and affected by their surroundings and interactions with other people.
Adler’s theory of individual psychology is a complex yet rational approach to exploring human behavior. Unlike the common assumptions that one’s personality consists of several separate entities, he argues that humans behave and function as a complete being. The reasoning of one’s behavior and beliefs are therefore traceable, making it possible to determine the inner workings of their mentality-- how they perceive things, how they react to such perceptions, and how it sets them apart as an individual
Monday, September 27, 2010
The difficulties of students with disabilities make it impossible for them to complete fundamental tasks, such as acquiring skills and interacting with teachers or peers.
Disabilities refer to a wide variety of conditions that may interfere with a student’s ability to perform everyday activities. In recent studies many schools are well-intentioned but not well-informed when it comes to the issue of students with disabilities they are unaware of what they could be doing to students with mild disabilities. For some students with disabilities which are simply structural or health problems that do not require special educational facilities or services, but for other students, however, their physical disabilities may interfere with their ability to walk, write, speak, or take care of their personal needs. Still others may be able to do all of these things but may not be able to accomplish one or more of them easily, or they may need more time or special assistance for certain school activities. In most cases, specialists from different medical and educational fields work as a team to design educational programs for students with disabilities, and to provide special services and equipment. Some of these specialists, such as occupational and physical therapists, may work with the children either in the classrooms or in specially designed physical therapy rooms in the school. While many students with disabilities have the same ability to learn as other students, some of them also have learning disorders, mental retardation, or other conditions that require special services.
Disabilities refer to a wide variety of conditions that may interfere with a student’s ability to perform everyday activities. In recent studies many schools are well-intentioned but not well-informed when it comes to the issue of students with disabilities they are unaware of what they could be doing to students with mild disabilities. For some students with disabilities which are simply structural or health problems that do not require special educational facilities or services, but for other students, however, their physical disabilities may interfere with their ability to walk, write, speak, or take care of their personal needs. Still others may be able to do all of these things but may not be able to accomplish one or more of them easily, or they may need more time or special assistance for certain school activities. In most cases, specialists from different medical and educational fields work as a team to design educational programs for students with disabilities, and to provide special services and equipment. Some of these specialists, such as occupational and physical therapists, may work with the children either in the classrooms or in specially designed physical therapy rooms in the school. While many students with disabilities have the same ability to learn as other students, some of them also have learning disorders, mental retardation, or other conditions that require special services.
Thursday, September 23, 2010
Alfred Adler
Amongst the most iconic names in the world of psychiatrics, is Alfred Adler. Born in Vienna, Austria in February of 1870, he became known as the grandfather of Humanistic Psychology and his name is now synonymous with the concept of individual psychology. Working with other prominent names in the field, including Sigmund Freud, he was part of a large psychoanalytic movement based in Vienna. By taking a more humanistic approach to his theories of the development of one’s personality and mindset, Adler was a pioneer in his time, focusing more on human health rather than the popular concept of pathology.
Adler joined a discussion group headed by Freud in 1907, and began writing papers having to do with a new outlook on human behavior. With some of Adler’s earliest memories being of death and illnesses in the family, many of his studies were centered around health, and the causes for various ailments. His concept of organ inferiority, for example, illustrates reasoning that is very different from Freud’s methods. He argues that it is one’s culture and environment that causes a sort of tension within the individual; and the tension can escalate to a level at which that person’s organ is unable to cope, therefore causing the organ to operate at a more infantile level. Disease, ultimately, “is the result of organ inferiority and external demands†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 5). Adler’s philosophies gave way to his theory of individual psychology. Like Freud, he states that psychological phenomena is influenced by childhood experiences-- however, he rejects the assumption that humans are victims of their past, as this provides too simple of an explanation.
The theory of individual psychology suggests that one’s behavior stems from their own subconscious version of their ideal self, as they are striving to achieve that goal. Their success and motivation, however, is affected by their environment and surroundings. Adler’s theory is made up of several concepts, including holism, fictionalism, finality, life-style, and private intelligence. With his holistic view on personality, Adler argues that a person is born with a sense of creativity that spurs their beliefs, feelings, and behavior, allowing them to control their own circumstances rather than simply being a victim of past events. Individuals act as a whole based on their desire to achieve their ideal self, also referred to as the fictionate goal. “This unifying principle can be seen as the individual’s unique way of responding to situations†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 13). Based on this reasoning, the fictionate goal plays a fundamental role in one’s personality and serves to distinguish one individual from another. The idea of fictionalism pertains to the conscious and subconscious ideas that a person possesses. Although these ideas may not always have any correlation to reality, they aid that person in coping with real-life situations and are used to determine how that person will perceive themselves, other people, and their surroundings. Fictionalism is also used as a sort of personality crutch when a person feels that they are falling short of their fictionate goal. “…It is a compensation for feelings of inferiority and serves to produce positive feelings in a situation that is perceived as negative†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 15). Adler also acknowledges the importance of maintaining a teleological, or final, approach to one’s behavior, which is also known as finality of the fictionate goal. Instead of questioning the cause of one’s actions, he examines what the act was committed for, as well as where that act is supposed to lead. According to Adler’s theory, understanding one’s life style is the key to understanding that person as a whole. In this sense, a life style is not one’s way of living, but rather how the various parts of their personality work together. It is more of a term of identity, synonymous with “character and personality, or simply the ‘I’, expressing the wholeness of personality…†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 19). All elements of this theory are then justified by an individual’s private intelligence, which one creates in order to rationalize a self-serving lifestyle dedicated to become their ideal self.
One application of Adler’s theory is when girls make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Many girls grow up as tomboys, liking the same things little boys commonly enjoy and even wanting to dress as boys themselves. “If a girl is stimulated to imitate boys by her environment or her education it will increase her difficulties later…†(Adler & Mairet, 1929, p. 68). These girls are more likely to have a strong need to overcompensate for this lack of knowledge with masculine behavior, which can potentially include heavy drinking and promiscuity. Eating disorders are another example of how an inferiority complex can lead to destructive behavior (Belangee, 2006, p. 5). An anorexic can display fictionalism by believing that starving themselves will make them more attractive and closer to achieving their ideal self, or fictionate goal. This behavior is then rationalized by that person’s private intelligence, which was created when they were younger and affected by their surroundings and interactions with other people.
Adler’s theory of individual psychology is a complex yet rational approach to exploring human behavior. Unlike the common assumptions that one’s personality consists of several separate entities, he argues that humans behave and function as a complete being. The reasoning of one’s behavior and beliefs are therefore traceable, making it possible to determine the inner workings of their mentality-- how they perceive things, how they react to such perceptions, and how it sets them apart as an individual.
References
Adler, A., & Mairet, P. (1929). Alfred Adler: Problems of Neurosis. Great Britain: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
Belangee, S.E. (2006). Individual Psychology and Eating Disorders: A Theoretical Application. Journal of Individual Psychology, 62(1), 3-17. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Oberst, U.E., & Stewart, A.E. (2003). Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Advanced Approach to Individual Psychology. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Amongst the most iconic names in the world of psychiatrics, is Alfred Adler. Born in Vienna, Austria in February of 1870, he became known as the grandfather of Humanistic Psychology and his name is now synonymous with the concept of individual psychology. Working with other prominent names in the field, including Sigmund Freud, he was part of a large psychoanalytic movement based in Vienna. By taking a more humanistic approach to his theories of the development of one’s personality and mindset, Adler was a pioneer in his time, focusing more on human health rather than the popular concept of pathology.
Adler joined a discussion group headed by Freud in 1907, and began writing papers having to do with a new outlook on human behavior. With some of Adler’s earliest memories being of death and illnesses in the family, many of his studies were centered around health, and the causes for various ailments. His concept of organ inferiority, for example, illustrates reasoning that is very different from Freud’s methods. He argues that it is one’s culture and environment that causes a sort of tension within the individual; and the tension can escalate to a level at which that person’s organ is unable to cope, therefore causing the organ to operate at a more infantile level. Disease, ultimately, “is the result of organ inferiority and external demands†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 5). Adler’s philosophies gave way to his theory of individual psychology. Like Freud, he states that psychological phenomena is influenced by childhood experiences-- however, he rejects the assumption that humans are victims of their past, as this provides too simple of an explanation.
The theory of individual psychology suggests that one’s behavior stems from their own subconscious version of their ideal self, as they are striving to achieve that goal. Their success and motivation, however, is affected by their environment and surroundings. Adler’s theory is made up of several concepts, including holism, fictionalism, finality, life-style, and private intelligence. With his holistic view on personality, Adler argues that a person is born with a sense of creativity that spurs their beliefs, feelings, and behavior, allowing them to control their own circumstances rather than simply being a victim of past events. Individuals act as a whole based on their desire to achieve their ideal self, also referred to as the fictionate goal. “This unifying principle can be seen as the individual’s unique way of responding to situations†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 13). Based on this reasoning, the fictionate goal plays a fundamental role in one’s personality and serves to distinguish one individual from another. The idea of fictionalism pertains to the conscious and subconscious ideas that a person possesses. Although these ideas may not always have any correlation to reality, they aid that person in coping with real-life situations and are used to determine how that person will perceive themselves, other people, and their surroundings. Fictionalism is also used as a sort of personality crutch when a person feels that they are falling short of their fictionate goal. “…It is a compensation for feelings of inferiority and serves to produce positive feelings in a situation that is perceived as negative†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 15). Adler also acknowledges the importance of maintaining a teleological, or final, approach to one’s behavior, which is also known as finality of the fictionate goal. Instead of questioning the cause of one’s actions, he examines what the act was committed for, as well as where that act is supposed to lead. According to Adler’s theory, understanding one’s life style is the key to understanding that person as a whole. In this sense, a life style is not one’s way of living, but rather how the various parts of their personality work together. It is more of a term of identity, synonymous with “character and personality, or simply the ‘I’, expressing the wholeness of personality…†(Oberst & Stewart, 2003, p. 19). All elements of this theory are then justified by an individual’s private intelligence, which one creates in order to rationalize a self-serving lifestyle dedicated to become their ideal self.
One application of Adler’s theory is when girls make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Many girls grow up as tomboys, liking the same things little boys commonly enjoy and even wanting to dress as boys themselves. “If a girl is stimulated to imitate boys by her environment or her education it will increase her difficulties later…†(Adler & Mairet, 1929, p. 68). These girls are more likely to have a strong need to overcompensate for this lack of knowledge with masculine behavior, which can potentially include heavy drinking and promiscuity. Eating disorders are another example of how an inferiority complex can lead to destructive behavior (Belangee, 2006, p. 5). An anorexic can display fictionalism by believing that starving themselves will make them more attractive and closer to achieving their ideal self, or fictionate goal. This behavior is then rationalized by that person’s private intelligence, which was created when they were younger and affected by their surroundings and interactions with other people.
Adler’s theory of individual psychology is a complex yet rational approach to exploring human behavior. Unlike the common assumptions that one’s personality consists of several separate entities, he argues that humans behave and function as a complete being. The reasoning of one’s behavior and beliefs are therefore traceable, making it possible to determine the inner workings of their mentality-- how they perceive things, how they react to such perceptions, and how it sets them apart as an individual.
References
Adler, A., & Mairet, P. (1929). Alfred Adler: Problems of Neurosis. Great Britain: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
Belangee, S.E. (2006). Individual Psychology and Eating Disorders: A Theoretical Application. Journal of Individual Psychology, 62(1), 3-17. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Oberst, U.E., & Stewart, A.E. (2003). Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Advanced Approach to Individual Psychology. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Virgil Wallace is a 20-year veteran in the field of protective services and investigations. As owner and chief executive officer of Wallace & Associates Protective Services in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Wallace provides a full complement of security and protective services, investigations, bail bonding and process serving for legal firms, private companies, public schools, government entities, celebrities and noted figures. Wallace is a licensed armed security guard and armed private investigator; a licensed process server; and a licensed bail bondsman.
His professional background includes numerous positions as a security officer for local businesses and a five-year stint as a communications specialist for the Oklahoma Army National Guard. Wallace received advanced training from the Oklahoma Bondsman Association, ASIS International, the National Fire Academy, FEMA and the Center of Professional Studies. He also received numerous certifications of completion in criminal justice, homeland security, investigative case management, fingerprinting and identification, and other courses from the Tulsa County Sheriff’s office, Tulsa Tech Center, Drumright Central Vo-Tech and C.L.E.E.T training.
Wallace earned his bachelor’s degree in liberal arts from Langston University; his associate’s degree in arts, and fire and safety from Tulsa Community College; and his associate’s degree in law enforcement from Tulsa Community College. He is a member of the National Organization for Black Law Enforcement Executives, the Oklahoma Minority Supplier Development Council, ASIS International, Tulsa Building Owners and Managers Association; and a board member of Ability Resources.
Wallace and his family make their home in Tulsa.
His professional background includes numerous positions as a security officer for local businesses and a five-year stint as a communications specialist for the Oklahoma Army National Guard. Wallace received advanced training from the Oklahoma Bondsman Association, ASIS International, the National Fire Academy, FEMA and the Center of Professional Studies. He also received numerous certifications of completion in criminal justice, homeland security, investigative case management, fingerprinting and identification, and other courses from the Tulsa County Sheriff’s office, Tulsa Tech Center, Drumright Central Vo-Tech and C.L.E.E.T training.
Wallace earned his bachelor’s degree in liberal arts from Langston University; his associate’s degree in arts, and fire and safety from Tulsa Community College; and his associate’s degree in law enforcement from Tulsa Community College. He is a member of the National Organization for Black Law Enforcement Executives, the Oklahoma Minority Supplier Development Council, ASIS International, Tulsa Building Owners and Managers Association; and a board member of Ability Resources.
Wallace and his family make their home in Tulsa.
Social Exclusion Theory
Social Exclusion Theory
In this movie the relationships are all interconnected and overlapping, and given the complexity of influences on the individuals, it is impossible to identify a single specific cause in the context of social exclusion. People may be excluded because of deliberate action on the part of others as a result of processes in society which do not involve deliberate action even by choice. However, more generally, the causes of social exclusion that lead to poverty, suffering and sometimes death, can be attributed to the operations of unequal power relations.
In the movie Boyz n the Hood Starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Ice Cube, Laurence Fishburne, Angela Bassett, Regina King, Nia Long, and Morris Chestnut, the film depicts life in economically deprived and socially excluded South Central, Los Angeles, California, 10-year-old Tre Styles (Desi Arnez Hines II) who after getting into a fight at school is sent by his mother, Reva Devereaux (Angela Bassett) to live in the Crenshaw neighborhood of Los Angeles to live with his father, Jason "Furious" Styles (Laurence Fishburne) who is a strict but loving father. Tre’s three friends, half brothers Ricky (Donovan McCrary) and Darin (also known as Doughboy and played by Ice Cube), their single mother, Brenda Baker (Tyra Ferrell) and Chris ( Kenneth A. Brown).
In 1991 Doughboy ( played by Ice Cube) has just been released from prison and spends most of the time hanging out in the neighborhood with Monster and Dookie. Ricky ( Morris Chestnut) is a star running back at Crenshaw High School has a son with his girlfriend Shanice (Alysia Rogers) Tre ( Cuba Gooding Jr.) also attends Crenshaw High School with Ricky and also has a girlfriend, Brandi (Nia Long). Tension exists between the two because he wants to have a sexual relationship with Brandi, who resists the idea because of her Catholic faith.
Themes of the film deal with gentrification, police brutality and gang violence, which is what the film’s subplot centers around. Social exclusion is a relatively new concept. It is difficult to find a definition that reflects the whole complexity of the phenomenon. Most of the investigations are one-dimensional and are mostly concentrated on the aspects of life. Most academic studies prove that social exclusion has a more multidimensional character. Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept, related to the relative position of an individual or a group in the entirety of society. Each type of societal "disadvantage" can cause social exclusion.
In 1991 Doughboy ( played by Ice Cube) has just been released from prison and spends most of the time hanging out in the neighborhood with Monster and Dookie. Ricky ( Morris Chestnut) is a star running back at Crenshaw High School has a son with his girlfriend Shanice (Alysia Rogers) Tre ( Cuba Gooding Jr.) also attends Crenshaw High School with Ricky and also has a girlfriend, Brandi (Nia Long). Tension exists between the two because he wants to have a sexual relationship with Brandi, who resists the idea because of her Catholic faith.
Themes of the film deal with gentrification, police brutality and gang violence, which is what the film’s subplot centers around. Social exclusion is a relatively new concept. It is difficult to find a definition that reflects the whole complexity of the phenomenon. Most of the investigations are one-dimensional and are mostly concentrated on the aspects of life. Most academic studies prove that social exclusion has a more multidimensional character. Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept, related to the relative position of an individual or a group in the entirety of society. Each type of societal "disadvantage" can cause social exclusion.
1) Family
2) Government
3) Education
4) Economy
5) Religion
In this Movie Social exclusion addresses the political nature of deprivation, in that it examines the links between people’s lack of citizenship status and their levels of poverty. Citizenship is centered on the capability of exercising individual and collective rights, and inequalities in this capability can generate a social hierarchy, made up of first- and second-class citizens. This often means that not all individuals are equal before the law; and that they do not all have the same access to public goods supplied by the city, county and state. The Political aspects of exclusion can include the lack of political rights, such as political participation and the right to organize; alienation from or lack of confidence in political processes; and lack of freedom of expression and equality of opportunity. Another one of the concern in the movie was the children put into the problems of drugs and crime in neighborhoods’ already experiencing multiple social and economic difficulties did not help their future. The key message is that the benefits of 'Social Exclusion Prevention' cannot be assumed. Planning decisions, allocation of community resources, the social construction of urban space, types of local government intervention and specific methods used by agencies all impact the nature and effects of prevention. Ultimately, for 'Social Exclusion' to be addressed in a meaningful and lasting manner it is necessary to go beyond episodic social initiatives and approaches which focus predominantly on reducing physical opportunities and improving techniques of control, to implement strategies which see Social Exclusion the first and foremost toward social relationships in the community.
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